![]() This diversion occurred first in the Balkan provinces and later extended to the Middle East. The Ottoman world empire saw its trade and production diverted to European markets, and the state lost control over merchant capital engaged in European trade. Like Wallerstein, other contributors to Islamoglu-Inan date the beginning of Ottoman peripheralization from the late 16th and early 17th centuries. ![]() The world system perspective, unlike that of the Orientalist and modernization schools, views the development of the center (Europe) and the underdevelopment of the periphery (Asia, Africa, Latin America) as a single interrelated and mutually reinforcing process. Incorporation destroyed the integrity of self-contained world empires, including that of the Ottoman dynasty which governed southeastern Europe and the Middle East. Wallerstein (a contributor to the Islamoglu-Inan book), who argues that a Eurocentric capitalist world economy came into existence around 1500, and that subsequently other lands were incorporated into this world economy as its peripheral and semi-peripheral components. Their starting point is the world system perspective of I. Huri Islamoglu-Inan’s introduction to the book she edited is a useful synopsis of these criticisms.Īs an alternative framework for interpreting modern Middle East history, these authors posit the peripheralization of the Ottoman Empire in the capitalist world economy. Such interpretations have been criticized (correctly, in my opinion) as reductionist and ahistorical. Both perspectives characteristically posited a “traditional” or “Islamic"” Middle East distinct from the “modern” or “secular-rational"” West, and explained developments in terms of the impact of the West on the Middle East. Until recently, Orientalism and modernization theory dominated the historiography of the modern Middle East. These books, one a collection of 17 articles and the other a monograph, offer a significant new interpretation of Middle Eastern history and, more broadly, contribute to the discussion of the origins of capitalism in the Third World. ![]() ![]() Şevket Pamuk, The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism, 1820-1913: Trade, Investment and Production (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987). Huri Islamoglu-Inan, ed., The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, and Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1987). ![]()
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